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Iziduko zoo Tshatshu:
Tubhane, Mawuse, Qhumpase, Maphasa, Gungubele, uTshatshol’ ithafa, uvela bambhentsele azisam mbhentsel’ kuba zoyik’ abelungu, uYem-Yem, uNgqolomsila, uSophitsho, uDlomo, Nkom’ezi bomvu.

IMBALI: AmaTshatshu lisebe lendlu yasebukhosini yesizwe sabaThembu.

Kuthiwa eligama lamaTshatshu lisuka kumfo okwakuthiwa nguTshatsh’olithafa xa abongwayo.

Lowo ngumfo owayefunga angajiki xa ejongene neentshaba edabini. Igama lakhe lakowabo lalinguMvangxeni,

engunyana kaXhoba kaTukwa kaMawuse kaDlomo kaNxeko kaMguti kaNtande kaToyi kaCeduma kaDunakazi kaBhomoyi kaThembu.

Le ndlu aphuma kuyo uTshatshu yindlu yokunene kuDlomo. U-Dlomo ke wayeyiKumkani yabaThembu. KuNdlunkulu wakhe wazala u-Hala, lo uzala uMadiba. Indlu ka-Hala yaziwa ngokuba ngamaHala, okanye amaDlomo.

KwiNkosikazi yakhe yaseKunene, yangu-Mawuse ithole leduna elidala. IKomkhulu labaThembu lalisaseMgwali (Clarkebury) ngelo xesha.

U-Mawuse ke wazala uTukwa ongunyana wakhe omdala kunye abantwana. U-Tukwa wazala u-Xhoba, lo uzala u-Mvangxeni. U-Mvangxeni kuthiwa wazibalula

kakhulu edabini, kulapho kwakusithiwa ngu ‘Tshatshu olithafa’ ngenxa yobukroti.

Ukusukela apho, waye waziwa ngokuba ngu-Tshatshu, nenzala yakhe kwathiwa ngamaTshatshu. Ubukroti ke abuphelelanga apha kuTshatshu. Unyana omkhulu kaMvangxeni (Tshatshu) u-Bawana, naye wazibalula

kakhulu kumadabi eloxesha, kuba nguye okuthiwa wayekhokela umkhosi wesizwe sabaThembu. Udadebo-Bawana yayingu-Suthu, owendela kuKumkani uNgqika wangundlukulu ozala u-Sandile. Unkosi uMaqoma yena wayezalwa ngu-Nothonto, kwindlu yasekunene, inguye ive tanci likaNgqika.

Njengendlu yasekunene, u-Bawana wacela imvume ku-Kumkani uNgubengcuka ukuba ayokuzimela, akhulise nesizwe sabaThembu.

Wafuduka ke u-Bawana esiya ngasentshona, wayokwakha ikomkhulu lakhe eSada, kufuphi ne Shiloh Missionary Station. Wafika apho kukho izizwe zooNoqhakankcu ezazingazinzi ncam endaweni enye, zihamba zifuduka zizingela.

Wathi akuzinza apho u-Bawana, laqala ukugqama igama lokuba bangama-Tshatshu.

Kungekudala u-Bawana ekulendawo, kuthiwa amaGcina afika ekhokelwe yinkosi yawo u-Gecelo. Kwahlalwa ngemvisiswano ke apho, kodwa emveni kwexesha yaqala ingxabano baphakathi kwezinkosi.

Enye inkosi eyafika phantse xesha nye namaTshatshu, ngunkosi u-Maqoma, Ah! Jongumsobomvu, wokunene kukaKumkani u-Ngqika kumaRharhabe.

Ngelaxesha abantu abantsundu babengekayazi into okuthiwa yingqesho emlungwini.

U-Maphasa waya kookhokho ngo-1830, kwangena unyana wakhe omkhulu u-Maphasa njengenkosi yamaTshatshu.

Abelungu babezama ngandlela zonke ukuba bathathe umhlaba wabantu abantsundu, kodwa babona ukuba akuzubalula xa iinkokheli ezi

zimanyene. Indlela abazama ngayo ukuba bathathe umhlaba abelungu, yayikuba baqale bathumele abefundisi babo (missionaries) ezazigaleleka zigalelekile kumhlaba wamaTshatshu.

Ngo-1831 kwavulwa i-Moravian Mission yaba kukuqala kweyona nkathazo kumaTshatshu, nezinye izizwe nezindlu zomzontsundu kula mmandla. Eminyakeni nje engamashumi amahlanu (within 50 years) ivuliwe lecawe yaseMoravia, izizwe ezinintsi

zabantu abantsudu zaziphulukene nemihlaba yazo. AmaNdungwana wona ayekhokelwa yinkosi yawo u-Qwesha ngelo xesha, uyise kaNdarhala.

Ukunyoluka kwamadlagusha kwaya kusanda nangakumbi ewufunapha umhlaba. Unkosi u-Maphasa wazama kangangoko anako enqanda amanzi ukuba angangeni endlini, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho komanyano phakathi kwezizwe ezintsundu, bagqibela bephulukene nomhlaba bonke.

AbaThembu bathi bejongene namadabi amaKoloniyali, kwabe kugaleleka izizwe ezibaleka imikhonto yeMfecane. Kulapho ke amaphathi akomkhulu acebisa iKumkani yabaThembu ukuba ithumela kunkosi u-Maphasa ukuba abuye azokuncedisa kuloomadabi ababejongene nawo we-Mfecane. U-Maphasa waphendula ngelithi, kungcono abaThembu beze ngakuye kummandla waseNtsho (Western Thembuland) usajongene namadabi amaKoloyinali.

Kuthiwa, ngo-1839, i-Kumkanikazi yabaThembu, uMaFaku (Nonesi) inkosikazi ka-Kumkani u-Ngubengcuka, yafika kumhlaba ka-Maphasa ihamba yonyana wayo u-Mthikrakra. U-Nonesi ke wayeyintombi kaKumkani u-Faku wamaMpondo, engumntakwabo Ndamase, unina ingu MaNqayiya intombi yamaBomvana.

AbaThembu abanintsi balandela iKumkanikazi ukuya entshona kuba amadabi eMfecane ayesaqhuba. Emveni kokuba eswelekile u-Kumkani u-Ngubengcuba kulamadabi, kwangena umntakwabo u-Fadana wabambela u-Mthikrakra.

Ukufika kuka-Nonesi kulomhlaba kwathi kanti kuncedisana namaKoloniyali kummandla wabaThembu baseNtshona, kuba wacela ukuba makuvulwe ezinye icawe ezinjenge Imvani Missionary Station. Ngo-1844, u-Mthikrakra wathatha indawo njengeKumkani yabaThembu eneminyaka eqikelelwa kumashumi amabini anantlanu (about 25 years old). Abelumbi bamaKoloniyali, bekhokelwa ngudyakalashe omkhulu u-Peregrine Maitland (Governor of the Cape Colony) babona ikroba kanye kulondawo, atsho amtyikityisa isivumelwano okuthiwa yi-Maitland Treaty.

Ezinye zezibhambathiso zale-Treaty yayikukuba:

– abaThembu bazakuncedisana namaKoloniyali xa kukho ohlaselwayo phakathi kwabo.

– U-Kumkani u-Mthikrakra ze angavumi ukutyitya nokusebenzisana nabanye abelungu ngaphandle kwamaNgesi ama-Brithani.

– Amakholwa (Christian converts) akazuba phantsi kobukhosi kwaye iKumkani ibakhusele kunye necawe zabo.

– iKumkani izakubhatalwa imali eyi-100 yeeponti (100 pounds) ngonyaka.

– Xa kukho amaBrithani abanjwe edabini kunye nezinye izinto zabo (spoils of war), iKumkani iyakuzibuyisela kwabasemagunyeni.

AmaKoloyinali abona ukuba u-Maphasa makabekwe ecaleni kuba soze azivume ezi zibhambathiso. Nangoku, ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi kuka Maphasa namaKoloniyali kwaqhubeka.

Ngo-1846 kwagqabhuka imfazwe yezembe (War of the Axe) phakathi kwamaXhosa namaKoloniya. KumaXhosa, oyena mntu wayiphambili kwelidabi yayiyiKumkani yamaRharhabe u-Mgolombane Sandile kaNgqika, encediswa ngamaNdlambe kunye nabaThembu baka-Maphasa (amaTshatshu).

AmaKoloniyali wona ayekhokelwe ngama-Brithani asuka eLondon, encediswa ngamaBhulu, Khoi, kunye namaMfengu.

Kuthiwa uMaphasa waqala watshisa lacawe Imvani Mission, wandula wangena kutshaba lwakhe kooSomerset nooKaladokhwe (Cradock).

U-Kumkani uMthikrakra zange ayazi emakayenze kuba i-Maitland Treaty ka-1844 yayimbambe izandla neenyawo.

Emveni kwelodabi, u-Maphasa wafumana esona sohlwayo. U-Kumkani u-Mthikrakra kuthiwa wathatha iinkomo eziyi-100 000 ezazithinjwe nguMaphasa kwelodabi wazibuyesela ebelungwini. Kwezo, wathatha i-30 000 yezona yityebileyo wazibunika uPeregnine Maitland eDikeni.

Umhla wesixhenxe kweyoMqungu (7 January 1847), yaba kukuqala kokungena kwenkosi yamaTshatshu u-Maphasa ngaphantsi kwamaKoloniyali emva kweso sohlwayo. AmaXhosa oxuthwa umhlaba omnintsi emva kwelodabi.

AmaBrithani awuthiya ukuba yi-British Kaffraria Colony loomhlaba abawuxuthayo uphakathi kwemilambo i-Keiskamma ne-Kei.

I-Kumkani yabaThembu uMthikrakra wasweleka ngo-1849. Ngo-1850, kwagqabhuka idabi likaMlangeni amaXhosa ekhokelwe nguKumkani uSarhili kaHintsa, uMgolombane Sandile kaNgqika kunye noMaqoma kaNgqika.

U-Maphasa wangena naye kwelidabi zanqoza. Unkosi u-Maqoma kaNgqika, Ah! Jongumsobomvu, wazibalula kakhulu kwelidabi ejongene no-Harry Smith neqela lakhe, u-Maphasa ejongene no Tylden neqela lakhe kwidabi lase-Mvani.

Ngelishwa, kweyoMqungu ngo 1852, inkosi yamaTshatshu, uMaphasa kaBawana kaTshatshu kaXhoba kaTukwa kaMawuse kaDlomo kaNxeko, wadutyulwa nguGeneral Tylden kude-kufuphi necawe, Imvani Mission.

KweyoMdumba (February) 1853, u-Mgolombane Sandile kunye nezinye iinkosi zamaXhosa, zaxhoma, kuba zibona ukuba umkhombe ubhembesile.

Lelodabi elenza ukuba mdak’ontsundu ongeva sepha zabelungu uphulukane nemihlaba eminintsi.

Imihlaba yamaTshatshu yoxuthwa ngamaKoloniyali. Eminye yalemihlaba kulapho ngoku kukho iKomani ne Whittlesea, neminye eminintsi. Apho wayenekomkhulu lakhe u-Maphasa, lomhlaba wanikwa u-Willem Bouwer, kunjalo uGungubele kaMaphasa wazama ngandlela zonke ukuwithenga lomhlaba, kodwa wangavumi tu, u-Willem Bouwer.

U-Gungubule wayesemncinci ngeloxesha, ngoko ke, wabanjelwa ngunina u-Yiliswa. KweyoKwindla (April) 1856, u-Sir George Grey waqhatha intombazana eniminyaka elishumi elinantandathu (16-old girl) egama lalingu-Nongqawuse.

Yaba kukuqala kokubulawa kweenkomo, kwatshiswa masimi, kwanzima phantse kwilizwe lonke elithetha isiXhosa.

uNkosi uGungubele naye wathatha apho uyise wayeshiye khona. Ngo-1878, wakhokhela idabi elaziwa ngokuba yi “Tshatshu Rebellion”/”Thembu Rebellions” esilwa namaKoloniyali aseBrithani, ekwancedisa amaGcaleka kunye namaNgqika. Unkosi uStokwe wamaQwathi, uGecelo wamaGcina, nezinye iinkosi nazo zangenelela kwelidabi.

Kwacaca ukuba bayoyisakala yimipu yamaKoloniyali, boyisakala. UNkosi u-Gungubele wabanjwa kunye namadoda aliqela, uNkosi uMfanta Manzezulu Mthikrakra, uHlanuka, Booi Xalesho, Gotcha, Gladin, Zinami, Bekani, Bangi, Dyasi, Fonoze, Bongolo, Takaza, Mamkeli, Solekwa, Makendlana, namanye.

Ukungenela kukankosi u-Stokwe no Gecelo kwenza ukuba bohluthwe isithile saseNdwe, iCala, iKhowa, Hewu neKomani. Kuthiwa, kwathi kuseseso simbonono, u

Wagwetya udilika jele eRobben Island. Wakhutshwa kweso siqithi ngo-1914, wasweleka eQhitsi kuCofimvaba ngo-1925.

Unyana kaGungubele omkhulu nguGcuwa ozala uSobantu. Ngo-1981, uSobantu wabuyela eGwatyu wamiselwa njengenkosi yamaTshatshu. U-Sobantu nguyise ka uJongulundi, inkosi yamaTshatshu ekhoyo ngoku.