UMantombazana “Manto” Edmie Tshabalala-Msimang wayengusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika. WayeyiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-1999 futhi wasebenza njengoNgqongqoshe Wezempilo kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2008 ngaphansi kukaMongameli uThabo Mbeki.
Ubuye wasebenza njengoNgqongqoshe eHhovisi likaMongameli ngaphansi kukaMongameli uKgalema Motlanthe kusukela ngoSepthemba 2008 kuya kuMeyi 2009.
Ukugcizelela kwakhe ekwelapheni ubhubhane lwengculazi eNingizimu Afrika ngemifino efinyeleleka kalula efana namazambane ase-Afrika, ugalikhi kanye nobhitroot, kunokuba ngemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane, kwaba yindaba yokugxekwa kuleli nasemazweni omhlaba. Lezi zinqubomgomo ziholele ekufeni kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika abangaphezu kuka-300,000.
Imfundo
Wazalwa njengoMantombazana Edmie Mali eThekwini, uTshabalala-Msimang waphothula izifundo zakhe eNyuvesi iFort Hare ngo-1961. Njengomunye wentsha ye-African National Congress eyadingiselwa ukuyofunda, uthole ukuqeqeshwa kwezobudokotela eFirst Leningrad Medical Institute eSoviet Union. kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1969. Wabe eseqeqeshelwa ukuba yiregistrar kwezokubelethisa nezifo zabesifazane eTanzania, waphothula khona ngo-1972. Ngo-1980 wathola i-master’s kwezempilo yomphakathi eNyuvesi yase-Antwerp eBelgium.
Wayeyisikhulu ebuholini be-ANC ababedingisiwe eTanzania naseZambia phakathi neshumi leminyaka lokugcina lobandlululo, nomsebenzi wawugxile empilweni kanye nokuphila kahle kwezishoshovu ze-ANC lapho.
Izinqubomgomo zengculazi
Ukuphatha kukaTshabalala-Msimang njengoNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo kwaba nempikiswano, ngenxa yokungabaza kwakhe ukwamukela uhlelo lomkhakha kahulumeni wokwelapha ingculazi ngemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane lengculazi (ama-ARV). Ngo-2000, waxoxwa nomsakazi weRadio 702 uJohn Robbie, uTshabalala-Msimang wenqaba ukusho ukuthi uyakholelwa yini ukuthi i-HIV ibangela ingculazi. Wayebizwa ngokuthi uDkt. Beetroot ngokukhuthaza izinzuzo zikabeetroot, ugalikhi, ulamula, namazambane ase-Afrika kanye nokudla okunempilo okuvamile, kuyilapho ebhekisela ezintweni ezinobuthi ezingaba khona emithini yengculaza. Ubonwe kabanzi njengolandela inqubomgomo yengculazi ehambisana nemibono kaMengameli waseNingizimu Afrika uThabo Mbeki, okwathi isikhathi eside ezwakalisa ukungabaza ngokuthi i-HIV iyidala ingculazi yini.
Ngonyaka wezi-2002, iKhabhinethi yaseNingizimu Afrika yaqinisekisa umgomo othi “i-HIV ibangela ingculaza” okwathi njengesitatimende esisemthethweni savala ukuqagela kwamalungu eKhabhinethi, okuhlanganisa noMongameli ngalesi sihloko. Ngo-Agasti 2003, iKhabhinethi yaphinde yavotela ukuthi imishanguzo yegciwane lengculazi itholakale emkhakheni kahulumeni, yabe isiyalela uTshabalala-Msimang ukuthi enze lo mgomo.
I-Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) kanye nomsunguli wayo u-Zackie Achmat babevame ukukhomba ungqongqoshe ukuze bagxeke, besola uhulumeni kanye noMnyango Wezempilo ikakhulukazi ngokungaphenduli ngokwanele kubhubhane lwe-AIDS. I-TAC yahola umkhankaso othi akesule noma axoshwe.
I-TAC isole uTshabalala-Msimang ngokuhambisana noMatthias Rath, ongudokotela waseJalimane nosomabhizinisi wamavithamini, ababethweswe icala lokungakhuthazi ukusebenzisa imishanguzo.
UTshabalala-Msimang wabeka ukugcizelela kwakhe ezinhlosweni ezibanzi zezempilo yomphakathi, ebona i-AIDS njengengxenye eyodwa kuphela yalowo mzamo futhi leyo, ngenxa yesimo esingelapheki se-HIV nezindleko zezimali zokwelashwa kwe-HIV, engase ikhinyabeze imizamo ebanzi yokwenza ngcono impilo yomphakathi. Umbiko othi ingculazi iwumthwalo onzima ohlelweni lwezempilo lukahulumeni kangangokuthi ukuyelapha kungakhulula izindleko wabuyiselwa emuva ukuze ucaciselwe futhi awuzange ukhishwe ehlobo lika-2003, waze watholwa futhi waputshuzwa yi-TAC. Ngemuva kwevoti leKhabhinethi lokwamukela okutholwe yilo mbiko, uTshabalala-Msimang nguyena obephethe ukukhishwa kwemishanguzo yegciwane lengculazi, kodwa uqhubekile nokugcizelela ukubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco kwingculazi nokunxenxa abanye ukuthi babone ingculazi njengenkinga eyodwa kwabaningi eNingizimu Afrika. Impilo yase-Afrika.
Icala eladonsa amehlo abantu abaningi kwakunguNozipho Bhengu, indodakazi yelungu lesishayamthetho se-African National Congress, owenqaba imishanguzo ye-AIDS evuna ugaliki kanye nokudla kukalamula kaTshabalala-Msimang. Ungqongqoshe wenqabile ukuya emngcwabeni wakhe, kwathi owayemele waxoshwa emsamo.
NgoFebhuwari 2005, iCongress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) yagxeka uMnyango wezeMpilo ngokwehluleka kwawo ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi iningi lemali engu-30 million eyasetshenziswa ukusungula i-AIDS trust ngo-2002 isisetshenzisiwe. Bathe kusetshenziswe u-R520 000 kuphela kule mali kanti ingxenye enkulu yale mali isichithwe emahhovisi angahlali muntu ehhovisi likanobhala we-SANAC, nokuyinto edale ukugxekwa komcwaningi mabhuku-jikelele.
Ngo-August 2006, eNgqungqutheleni Yengculazi Yamazwe Ngamazwe eToronto, uStephen Lewis, isithunywa esikhethekile seNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene esiphathelene nengculaza e-Afrika, savala le ngqungquthela ngokugxeka okukhulu ngohulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Uthe iNingizimu Afrika igqugquzela isimo sengqondo “sokugqoza” ngegciwane lengculazi nengculazi, echaza uhulumeni ngokuthi “unenkani, uyadelela, futhi akanandaba nokukhipha imishanguzo”. Ngemva kwengqungquthela, ososayensi abangu-65 abahamba phambili nge-HIV/AIDS emhlabeni (iningi labo ebelihambele ingqungquthela) babuze encwadini ukuthi uThabo Mbeki uyamchitha uTshabalala-Msimang.
Imithi yesintu
Emhlanganweni nabelaphi bendabuko ukudingida ngomthetho wangomuso ngoFebhuwari 2008, uTshabalala-Msimang waphikisa ngokuthi amakhambi esintu akufanele “adinwe” ovivinyweni lwemitholampilo, wathi futhi, “Ngeke sisebenzise izimiso zaseNtshonalanga zocwaningo kanye nentuthuko”.
NgoSepthemba 2008, uTshabalala-Msimang wacela ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kwamalungelo engqondo emithi yesintu yase-Afrika. Ekhuluma emgubhweni wesi-6 woSuku Lwemithi Yendabuko Yase-Afrika enhlokodolobha yase-Cameroon, i-Yaoundé, uthe izwekazi kufanele lizuze kakhulu olwazini lwalo lwendabuko lwasendulo.
Okomuntu siqu
UTshabalala-Msimang washada nomyeni wakhe wokuqala, uMandla Tshabalala, ngesikhathi bobabili besekudingisweni eSoviet Union. Kamuva washada noMendi Msimang, umgcinimafa we-African National Congress.
Ukukhathazeka ngempilo kaTshabalala-Msimang kwagqama ngasekupheleni kuka-2006. Wangeniswa esibhedlela saseGoli ngomhla zingama-20 kuNhlolanja wezi-2007, ehlushwa yi-anemia kanye ne-pleural effusion (ukunqwabelana koketshezi okungavamile emaphashini). UMnyango wezeMpilo uye kuMengameli uThabo Mbeki, wamcela ukuthi aqoke ungqongqoshe obambile, kwathi zingama-26 kuNhlolanja uJeff Radebe waqokwa njengebamba likangqongqoshe wezempilo. Mhla ziyi-14 kuNdasa wezi-2007, uTshabalala-Msimang wahlinzwa isibindi. Isizathu esishiwo ukuthi i-autoimmune hepatitis ene-portal hypertension, kodwa ukufakelwa kwakuzungezwe izinsolo zokuphuza kakhulu. Ube eselulama futhi wabuyela emsebenzini wakhe wobuNgqogqoshe waze wathathwa esikhundleni sakhe njengongqongqoshe wezempilo ngo-2008.
Ngomhla ziyi-16 kuZibandlela wezi-2009, washona ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene nokufakelwa isibindi sakhe.
I-Scandal
Mhla ziyi-12 kuNcwaba wezi-2007, ezinsukwini ezine ngemuva kokuxoshwa okuyindida kwephini likangqongqoshe wakhe, uNozizwe Madlala-Routledge, iSunday Times yabhala udaba olunesihloko esithi “Manto’s booze binge” mayelana nokuhlala esibhedlela okwedlule ngo-2005 ukuze ahlinzwe ihlombe. Isihloko sithi wathumela abasebenzi basesibhedlela ukuthi bayolanda iwayini, i-whisky kanye nokudla, ngesinye isikhathi ngo-1:30 ekuseni. UTshabalala-Msimang usabise ngokuthathela leli phephandaba izinyathelo zomthetho ngenxa yokuthi banawo amarekhodi akhe okwelashwa. Leli phephandaba lizivikele izitatimende zalo, lathi “ukuhoxiswa bekungacatshangelwa”. Lesi sihloko siphinde sabika ukuqagela phakathi “kochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha abaphezulu ezikhungweni zikahulumeni nezizimele, abenqaba ukudalulwa ngoba besaba ukunxeshezelwa ngumnyango wezempilo” ukuthi isimo sakhe sesibindi sasidalwe utshwala, i-cirrhosis.
Ngokombhalo weSunday Times owawunesihloko esithi, “Manto: A Drunk and A Thief” owashicilelwa ngomhlaka-19 Agasti 2007, ungqongqoshe wayeyisela elagwetshwa elantshontsha izinto zesiguli esibhedlela saseBotswana, wabe esexoshwa eBotswana futhi wamemezela ukuthi ungowokufika ongavunyelwe. .
Ipolitiki ye-ANC kanye nokungena esikhundleni sikaNgqongqoshe Wezempilo
Ngokugunyazwa ngabalandeli bakaMnuz Jacob Zuma, uTshabalala-Msimang uphinde waqokelwa esigungwini esiphezulu se-ANC esinamalungu angu-80 ngoDisemba 2007 endaweni ka-55, ngamavoti angu-1,591.
UMbeki waphoqeleka ukuthi asule esikhundleni yi-ANC ngoSepthemba 2008. Ngesikhathi owangena esikhundleni sakhe, uKgalema Motlanthe, ethatha izintambo zingama-25 Septhemba 2008, wasusa uTshabalala-Msimang esikhundleni sokuba uNgqongqoshe eHhovisi likaMengameli, waqoka uNkk Barbara Hogan esikhundleni sakhe njengoNgqongqoshe Wezempilo. .
UTshabalala-Msimang akazange afakwe kwiKhabhinethi yokuqala kaMongameli Jacob Zuma, eyamenyezelwa mhla ziyi-10 kuNhlaba wezi-2009.
Ukufa
UTshabalala-Msimang washona zingu-16 kuZibandlela wezi-2009 eWits University eDonald Gordon Medical Centre naseMedi-Clinic ICU. Udokotela wakhe, uSolwazi Jeff Wing, umemezele ukuthi ushonile ngenxa yezinkinga ezadalwa wukufakelwa isibindi.
Abaphikisi bezombusazwe nabangane ngokufanayo bazwakalise ukushaqeka ngesimemezelo sokufa kwakhe:
I-Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) – “Asifiseli okubi kunoma yimuphi umuntu nakuba sibe nesikhathi esinzima naye njengongqongqoshe wezempilo. Sidlulisa amazwi enduduzo emndenini nasezinganeni zakhe.”
UHelen Zille, umholi weDemocratic Alliance – “Sidlulisa ukuzisola kwethu okuqotho emndenini wakhe nakubantu abathandayo. Kuyadabukisa uma kushona noma ngubani. Njengosopolitiki abaningi wayenengxabano. Nokho, lokho akububumbi usizi lokushona kwakhe” .
Umengameli weCOSATU uSidumo Dlamini – “Ziyashaqisa lezi zindaba, kukhona ongibuze izolo ukuthi sizomthumela muphi umyalezo esibhedlela ngathi siyathemba futhi simfisela ukwelulama okusheshayo. Wawenza amaphutha ngokushayela lawo ma-policy kodwa ubengumuntu. Ukulahlekelwa kwakhe kuwukulahlekelwa okukhulu. INingizimu Afrika ilahlekelwa umholi ovelele we-ANC.”